Timeline: Puerto Rico
Taíno Civilization (3000 BCE – 1493)
The indigenous Taíno people inhabited Borinquen for thousands of years before European contact, developing a complex society with agriculture, governance, and spiritual practices.
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Puerto Rico's Karst Country: Geological Heritage Under Threat
Puerto Rico's northern karst region — a landscape of limestone mogotes (haystack hills), sinkholes, caves, and underground rivers covering approximately 28% of the island — is one of the most significant tropical karst formations in the world, providing critical aquifer recharge and harboring unique biodiversity, yet faces threats from quarrying, development, and insufficient legal protection.
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Mona Island: The Galápagos of the Caribbean
Mona Island — a 22-square-mile uninhabited island between Puerto Rico and Hispaniola — is one of the most ecologically significant and archaeologically rich sites in the Caribbean. Home to endemic species, massive cave systems with Taíno petroglyphs, and a history spanning from pre-Columbian settlement to pirate hideouts to guano mining.
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